{"id":5112,"date":"2025-03-01T20:24:19","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T20:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/?p=5112"},"modified":"2025-04-10T20:24:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T20:24:37","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

*\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629*<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 "\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629" \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629*<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 "\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639" \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*2. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629*<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631*: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0643\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (1890-1960): \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 (1960): \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 (1963\u060c 1990\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *2012: \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629*: \u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2012\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627*<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 *\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629*: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 *\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629*: \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 "\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a" \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646*.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629*<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a*: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a*: \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a*: \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 "\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629" \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- *\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062d\u0644*: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629*<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 "\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629" \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631) \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641. (1961). \u0645\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645. (1919). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a. (1999). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a 01-03-25<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0650\u0647\u0631\u0650\u0633<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 "\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629" \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[232,140,338],"tags":[403,107,294,339,219,383,341,119,405,121,122,138,191,114,340,193,404,120,342,144],"class_list":["post-5112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-africa","category-azawad-news","category-colonialism-oppression-neglect-exploitation-french_colonialism-mali-france-azawad-kel_tamacheq-tuareg-tamacheq","tag-autonomy","tag-azawad","tag-colonialism","tag-exploitation","tag-france","tag-freedom_struggle","tag-french_colonialism","tag-genocide","tag-geopolitics","tag-human-rights-violations","tag-humanitarian-crisis","tag-independence","tag-kel_tamacheq","tag-mali","tag-neglect","tag-oppression","tag-pre-colonialism","tag-racism","tag-tamacheq","tag-tuareg"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5113,"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5112\/revisions\/5113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freeazawad.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5112"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}